Ovarian Cyst

An ovarian cyst is simply a collection of fluid within the normally solid ovary. There are many different types of ovarian cysts, and they are an extremely common gynecologic problem. Because of the fear of ovarian cancer, cysts are a common cause of concern among women. But, it is important to know that the vast majority of ovarian cysts are not cancer and almost all ovarian cysts will go away by themselves without any treatment. However, some benign cysts will require treatment and in quite rare cases others may be cancerous.  

Functional Cyst

The function of the ovary is to develop an egg each month for ovulation.  Each time the ovary forms an egg, a cyst, or fluid collection is formed. This is called a functional cyst;  and will usually resolve by the next menstrual cycle. Sometimes the cyst can continue to grow and become large but will commonly resolve without intervention. 

Dermoid Cyst

A dermoid cyst is formed when the ovary, for reasons unknown, forms tissues such as hair, teeth, bone, fatty fluid and other tissues within the ovary.  Dermoid cysts are usually always benign and very rarely cancerous.  An ovarian dermoid cyst is often readily diagnosed on ultrasound and will not go away on its own and surgery is recomended.  With laparoscopic surgery, it is often possible to remove just the dermoid cyst and preserve normal ovarian tissue so that removal of the entire ovary is seldom necessary.